Space telegraphy.



S. GABOT.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MARJB, 1907.

Patented Jan. 5, 1909.

SEWALL GAB'OT, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS,

SSIGNOR TO STONE TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFMAINE.

SPACE TELEGRAIEHY.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SEWALL OABoT, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Brookline, .in the county of Norfolk and State ofMassachusetts, have invented a new and useful Im rovement in SpaceTelegraphy, of which t e following is a specification.

My invention. relates to space telegraph transmitting systems. Theobject of my invention is to increase the power factor of the primarypower circuit of a space telegraph transmitting system, and to preventarcing at the spark ga of the sonorous circuit of said system, thereyper- 'mitting an increase in the s ark-fre uency. of the electricaloscillations evelope in said sonorous circuit without causing thedetrimental effects produced by the formation of electric arcs at saidsparkgap.

Referr' to the drawin which accomany and cm a part of t 'sspecification,

lgure lrepresents conventions; y a system of circuits embodying myinvention, and Fig. 2 represents in diagrammatic form one of thearrangements of circuits and apparatus in which I'have embodied saidprinciple in actual ractice.

In the gures, A represents a source of vibratory electromotive force; KK are keys; M M are transformers of which the primary and, secondarywinoYdings respectively are 1,, I, and-I-,, I, ;-L L are inductances; CO O are condensers; V is an elevated conductor earthed at E.

While, as shown in-.Fig. 1, I may em loy the usual key K in the primarycircuit 0 the generator A, I prefer, as shown in Fig. 2, to employ a keyor circuit controllerconsisting of a number of contact members 1, 2,connected in both sides of the intermediate circuit which connects thesonorous circuit S C I with the primary power circuit A 1,. One set ofcontact members 1 is fixed and the other set which is su ported by, therod 3 is adapted to be moved into contact with the statlonary set 1 bmeans of the key K.

I have successfu y operated a wireless telegraph system asshown in Fig.2 by employinductances and ca aoities having the f0 owing values, viz:005 L, 50 henries; coil L, 50 hem-ies; condenser O, .02 microfaradscondenser G, .0025 microfarads; condenser O, .04 microfarads; frequencyof alternatingcurrent-generator A, cycles. I have found that when thesaid coils and condensers Specification of Letters Patent.Applicationfiled March 18,

Patented Jan; 5, 1909.

1907. Serial No. 362,818.

are given the values above set forth, the power factor of the primarypower circuit is unity and sparking takes place at S without the accomaniment of an electric arc.

It will e understood of course that the values above given for thecapacities and inductances of the coils and condensers are merely by wayof example, for obviously said values may be greatly varied even withcurrents of a given frequencyin the primary power circuit.

The adjustments of the several coils and condensers above mentioned arebest determined'empirically in the followingmanner: Measure the power inthe primary power circuit by means of a watt meter and adjust theconstants of the coil or coils L L and the condenser or condensers C Cuntil the apparent watts as measured by said watt meter are equal, tothe roduct of the voltage across the primary 1 multiplied by the currentin the primary power circuit. Inasmuch as the reactance of the primarypower circuit when isolated is an'inductance reactance, it follows thatthe electromagnetic constants of the circuit including the secondary I,"must be such that the reaction of said secondary on the said primary isa ca acity reaction of such value as toreduce t e reactance oftheprimary power circuit to zero,in other Words, to render the load on thegenerator a non-inductive load.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the power factor ofthe primary power circuit may be rendered unity in a variety of ways,and therefore I do not desire to be limited to the particulararrangement shown in the drawings. -When the constants oftheintermediate circuit are so sadjusted as to increase the power factor ofthe power circuit tounity, the intermediate circuit offers very littleimpedance to the passage of currents from the generator A to thesonorous circuit S C I during the charging period of the condenser C;but as soon as said condenserdischar es across the gap S, the coils L Lretard the flow of current in said intermediate circuit and therebyprevent the formation of an arc across the gap S. i

The intermediate circuit may be grounded at E E if desired as shown inFig. 2.

I claim, p

' 1. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorouscircuit, a power circuit including the primary of a transformer,

an intermediate circuit connected with said sonorous circuit andincluding the secondary of said transformer, and means associated withsaid intermediate circuit for increasing the power factor of said powercircuit.

2. space telegraph transmitting system comprismg a sonorous circuit, apower circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, and means associated with said intermediate circuitfor rendering the power factor of said power circuit unity.

3. A space telegraph transmitting system comprisin a sonorous circuit, apower circuit including the primary of a transfoamer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, and a condenser associated with said intermediatecircuit and so constructed and arranged as to increase the power factorof said power circuit.

4. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, and a condenser connected across said intermediatecircuit and so proportioned as to increase the power factor of saidpower circuit.

5. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising asonorous circuit, apower circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, a circuit controller in said intermediate circuitand condensers connected across said intermediate circuit, one on eitherside of said circuit controller, said condensers being soadjusted as toincrease the power factor of said power circuit.

6. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, a circuit controller constructed and arranged toopen said interme-' diate circuit at two points, and condensersconnected across said intermediate circuit, one on either side of saidcircuit controller, said condensers being so adjusted as to increase thepower factor of said power circuit.

7. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, an inductance included in said intermediatecircuit, and means associated with said intermediate circuit constructedand arranged to increase the power factor of said power circuit and tocounteract in full or in part the r'eactance of the aforecomprismg asonorous circuit, a power ciri said inductance during the chargingperiod of said sonorous circuit, said inductance being so proportionedthat during the discharging period of said sonorous circuit said inductance sufficiently retards the flow of current in said intermediatecircuit to prevent the formation of an arc across the gap of thesonorous circuit.

8. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous ircuit apower circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, a coil having very large inductance connected inseries with said intermediate circuit, and a condenser connected acrosssaid intermediate circuit, said condenser being so proportioned as toincrease the power factor of said power circuit and to reduce thereactance offered by said intermediate circuit to the currents deliveredthereto by said power circuit during the charging period of saidsonorous circuit.

9. A space telegraph transmitting system cuit including the primary of atransformer, an intermediate circuit connected with said sonorouscircuit and including the secondary of said transformer, a coil havingvery large inductance connected in series with said intermediatecircuit, said coil being so proportioned that during the dischargingperiod of said sonorous circuit said coil sufficiently retards the flowof current in said intermedi ate circuit to prevent the formation of anare across the gap of said sonorous circuit, and a condenser connectedacross said intermediate circuit.

' 10. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorouscircuit, a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, anintermediate circuit connected with said sonorous circuit and includingthe secondary of said transformer, a circuit controller in saidintermediate circuit, and a condenser connected across said intermediatecircuit, said condenser being so proportioned as to increase the powerfactor of said power circuit.

11. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondary of said transformer, a circuit controller constructed and arrangedto open said intermediate circuit at two points, and a condenserconnected across said intermediate circuit, said condenser being soproportioned as to increase the power factor of said power circuit.

12. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and-in'cluding thesecondary 130 of said transformer, and a condenser associated with saidintermediate circuit and so constructed and arranged as to render thepower factor of said power circuit unity.

13. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including thev primary ofa transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, and a condenser connected across said intermediatecircuit and so pro ortioned as to render the power factor of sai powercircuit unity.

14. A space telegraph transmitt'ng system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including thesecondaryv of said transformer, an inductance in said intermediatecircuit, and means associated.

rendering the power factor of said power circuit unity.

16. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, an intermediatecircuit connected with said sonorous circuit and including the secondaryof said transformer, an inductance included in said intermediatecircuit, and a condenser associated with said intermediate circuit andso constructed and arranged as toincrease the power factor of said powercircuit.

17. A space telegraph transmitting system comprising a sonorous circuit,a power circuit including the primary of a transformer,

an intermediate circuit connected with said sonorous circuit andincluding the secondary of said transformer, an inductance lncluded insaid mtermediate clrcuit, and a condenser connected across saidintermediate circuit and so proportioned as to increase'the power factorof said power circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 13th dayof March 1907.

SEWALL CABOT.

Witnesses:

E. B. ToMLINso'N, Gno. K. Wooibwon'rn.

